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? 英语语法知识考察要点?1. 名词??(一) 不规则名词的单、复数情势要分外记忆:??man—men, woman—women, child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth??(二) 单数、复数同形的名词:??fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese??(三) 经常使用复数形的名词:??trouser...
?英语语法知识考察要点
?1. 名词
??(一) 不规则名词的单、复数情势要分外记忆:
??man—men, woman—women, child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth
??(二) 单数、复数同形的名词:
??fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
??(三) 经常使用复数形的名词:
??trousers, shoes, glasses
??(四) 只有复数形的名词:
??thanks, clothes
??(五) 单数情势但其意为复数的可数名词:
??people, police
??(六) 有生命的名词所有格情势:
??单数名词加's, 复数名词加s', 不因此s结尾的复数名词加?'s?, 如: children's
?room
??(七) 无生命的名词所有格用of结构表达:
??如: the capital of China
??(八) 示意并列名词各人全部,在各名词词尾加's:
??如: Tom's and Mary's bikes (两人各人的自行车)
??(九) 示意并列名词配合全部,则在后一个名词的词尾加's:?
?如: Tom and Mary's mother (即Tom与Mary是兄妹)
??(10) 关于时候、距离、长度、重量、价格的所有格:
??如: ten minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, a boat's length, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth
??(十一) 两重所有格:
??a friend of my father's
?2. 形容词与副词
??(一) 原级,比较级,最高级词形变化:
??① [单元音 单辅音]的单音节词
??fat—fatter—fattest
??thin—thinner—thinnest
??hot—hotter—hottest
??big—bigger—biggest
??② 以y结尾的双音节词
??easy—easier—easiest
??heavy—heavier—heaviest
??pretty—prettier—prettiest
?③ 劣级对比
??less 形容词/副词原级 than
??例: She is less beautiful than Mary.
??④ 二者之间用比较级,在比较级前加定冠词,3者以上用最高级
??例: He is the taller of the two.?
?She is the best player of the three.
??⑤ 越……越……的表达法
??例: The days are getting hotter and hotter.
??The more you study, the more you learn.
??⑥ 润饰比较级的词有:much, by far, even, a little, a great deal…
??例: She is much better now.
??? 牢记不要用比较级来润饰比较级。
?3. 连词
??(一) 动词与*近的主语同等:
??如许的连词有: or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also。
??(二) or的用法:
??① 作或者讲
??例: You or your friend has to go to the teachers' office.
??② 作否则讲
??例: Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
??(三) and与but:
??例: He has no money and he is poor.?
?He is poor but he is honest.
?4. 介词
??(一) 示意时候:
??at: 示意某一时间点
??如: at noon
??on: 示意特定的日子
??如: on Christmas
??in: 示意一段不具体的时候
??如: in the morning, in the Second world war
??? 如示意在某一特定的早上、下战书则用on
??如: on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morning
??during: 示意时代内的某个时代
??如: during the night, during the Second World War
??for: 厥后接示意一段时间长度的词
??如: for three days
??through: 示意在全部时代没有间歇
??例: It snowed through the night.
??till/until: 示意动作延续的尽头
??例:I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.
??by: 示意动作完成限期
??例: I'll be back by five o'clock.
??since: 示意某动作的肇始点
??例:I have studied English since 1990.
??(二) 示意所在:
??at: 示意较小的所在
??如: arrived at the school gate
??in: 示意较大的所在
??如: arrived in Shanghai
??for: 示意目的地
??例: I'll leave for Shanghai.
??above: 示意上面,上方,其反意词是below
??over: 示意垂直上方,其反意词是under
??例: The dog jumped over the table.
??through: 示意穿过
??如: through the forest
??across: 示意平原上的逾越
??例: I want to walk across the road.
?5. 动词
??(一) 动词的时态:
??① 一般现在时
??一般现在时的首要用法有两点:其一示意1常常产生的动作,如: I always go to scho
?ol at seven. 其二示意某一真谛,究竟,如: The earth moves around the sun.
??② 现在完成时
??现在完成时的首要用法有两点:其一示意某一动作发生于过去,并延续下来,到如今完成
?。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二示意某动作发生于过去并已收场,但其影响到如今。如: I haven't had my lunch. I'm hungry now.
??与现在完成时连用的词语有:yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。
??其考察要点:
??其一: Have been示意曾经去过,如:I have been to America twice. 说此话的人应
?已经回到国内。而He has gone to Japan.则这人现在已到日本去了。
??其二: 截止性动词可以有现在完成时,但不可与示意一段长度的词连用,如: The class has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.
??③ 一般过去时
??示意过去产生的动作,过去的风俗或频频产生的动作。如: Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 与过去时连用的时候状语有: at that time, ago, in 1949, just now (适才), last night, yesterday
??④ 一般将来时
??纯将来时的示意法: shall/will 动词本相
??例: I'll leave for Shanghai this evening.
??示意按计划要做或可能做的事: be going to 动词本相
??例: I'm going to help you tonight.
??将来时的特别示意法
??a. be coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving
??例: Don't worry. I'm coming.
??b. be about to 动词本相
??例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.
??c. 状语从句顶用一般现在时示意未来
??例: If it rains tomorrow I won't go to the party.
??(二) 情态动词:
??can: 能,会
??例: He can do it very well.
??may: 允许,可能性
??例: May I use your pen?
??must: 需要,制止(多示意主观见解)
??例: You mustn't play with fire.
??have to: 不能不(多示意客观之事)
??例: I have to go, because I have a meeting.
??could与would:两者用于如今时示意语气的婉转
??例: Could you help me?
?6.句型
?(一) 宾语从句:
??由疑难代词或副词引出的宾语从句
??例: Could you tell me where the post office is??
?Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的宾语)
??由that引出的宾语从句
??例: They said that they would give me some help. (that 仅作引诱词)
??? 宾语从句中的疑问句要用述说语序。
??例: He asked when we would leave home.
?(二) 状语从句:
??状语从句可囊括:时候/所在/缘故/效果/目标等状语从句。
??例:I will come when I am free.?
?I'm late because my bike is broken.?
?He went so early that he got a good seat.?
?She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.
??? 状语从句要用一般现在时示意未来。
??例: If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.
??? 示意在1长动作进行进程中某一动作骤然产生则长动作要用进行时态,而突发性 动作要用一样平常时态。
??例: When I'm reading a book, the telephone rings.
?(三) 反意疑问句
??例: She can swim across the river, can't she??
?It's a fine day, isn't it??
?Marry needs to have a rest, doesn't she??
?You have nothing to do, do you??
?He seldom does homework, does he??
?Don't open the door, will you??
?Open the door please, will you??
?Let us have a rest, will you??
?Let's go, shall we?
?(四) 感叹句:
??例. What a hot day it is!?
?How hot the weather is!
?7. 不定式
??(一) 不定式在句中作宾语,状语:
?? 例: It has begun to rain.?
?I want to go to the cinema.
??(二) 不定式与疑问词连用:
?? 例: I want to know how to work.
?? I want to know what to do.
??(三) 不定式的否定句:
?? 例: He told me not to do it.
??④ 省略to的不定式:
?? 例: I saw him come this morning.
?如许的动词有see, hear, watch等感官动词,及have(作让、使讲) make, let.
?
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